【纯干货】2023年高考英语之完型填空的命题特点及专题讲解！（有彩蛋~~）
命题特点
选材原汁原味，体现“跨文化意识”
一般说来，完形填空的选材多具有一定故事情景和教育意义的短文，其文体主要是记叙文，叙中有议。
文章多选自原汁原味的英文报刊。由于英美报刊文章不同于中国人所写的英文文章，在遣词造句、行文布局、逻辑思维方面均与中国人有较大差异，因此考生往往会觉得短文“跳跃多”、“起伏大”。这种用原汁原味英文考察学生的选材方式意在保证该项测试的难度，并且对强化英语教学的“跨文化意识”发挥较好的作用。
选项注重情景，考查综合运用语言能力
一般说来，文章长度大约300词，20处空白的平均词距约15词，7－20词左右设一空，首句一般不设空。
选项多为单词，短语比较少见，侧重考查动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等实词在具体语境中的得体使用，不少涉及词语辨析、情感、情理和逻辑思维，很少考点是单纯考短语搭配或语法规则，对考生的综合能力要求甚高。设空常注重以下几个方面：
① 语境用词
这类考点要求考生依据上下文情景、语境，甚至段落或文章，从四个选项中选出最佳答案。其涉及面非常广，如时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等等。解这类题的关键是选项要合情入理。
②词语辨析
完形填空中有些考点涉及词义辨析。这类考点可以一箭双雕，既考查考生对词语的掌握和词汇量的大小，考查考生结合语境情景用词能力。与单项填空题的词语辨析题相比，完形填空题的词语辨析更具综合性。
③常识应用
从语言为实际生活服务这一基本原则出发，完形填空必然有考查常识的考点，借此也可以测试出学生的知识面和视野的开阔程度以及灵活运用常识理顺语句、语篇的能力。因此考生要注意在某些相关点利用生活常识进行合理思维，以选择正确答案。
④ 归纳概括
这类考点多见于议论文、说明文和科普文中，旨在检测考生的综合归纳、全面概括能力。要求考生高层建瓴，由段落或篇章中心去捕捉若干点的答案。
⑤ 逻辑推理
完形填空的逻辑推理题涉及行文走势，句段的起承转合，事情发展的先后过程，开始与结果之间的关系，是与非的鉴别判断，时间、地点、人物、背景的相互牵连等。在议论文、科普文、夹叙夹议文体中，经常会出现这类考题。
命题规律
未来高考完形填空题会逐渐摒弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只借助上下文乃至全文语境来揣摩作者的心情和态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握作者在叙述或议论过程中语气、动作、形象、情绪、心态等的描写。ZY
专题讲解
A Heroic Driver
Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was
41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his
42 . suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.
43
he got closer, he found
44
vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed
45
shooting out from under the
46
vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and
47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
The man who had his bright lights on 48
and told Larry he had
49
an emergency call. They
50
heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.
51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay
52
until the emergency personnel arrived,
53
she thought the car was going to
54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move
55
she injured her neck.
Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56
and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the
57
if he was needed or
58
to go. They let him and the other man go.
One thing is 59 —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His
60
most likely saved the woman’s life.
41. A. walking B. touring
C．traveling
D．rushing
【答案】C
【解析】travel：旅行，前进，行进。本题的干扰项是rush：冲，急速前进。但是从下文after delivering 可知，司机的派送任务已经完成没有还要再急速前进。
42. A. passengers B. colleagues
C. employers
D. customers
【答案】D
【解析】从首句可知他是送货司机，应该给客户送货回家。
43. A. Since B. Although
C. As
D. If
【答案】C
【解析】当他走近的时候，as“当…时候”。
44. A. each B. another
C. that
D. his
【答案】B
【解析】根据前句a car可知此处是他又发现一辆车。
45. A. flames B. smoke
C. water
D. steam
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文中fire判断是汽车着火。
46. A. used
B. disabled
C. removed
D. abandoned
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文可知他认为汽车是毁坏了的。
47. A. got hold of
B. prepared
C. took charge of
D. controlled
【答案】A
【解析】从后句可知他拿起灭火器灭火。
48. A. came down
B. came through
C. came in
D. came over
【答案】D
【解析】根据and后内容可知那个司机走了过来。
49. A. returned
B. received
C. made
D. confirmed
【答案】C
【解析】根据下文可知警察来了，判断这个司机打电话报警了。
50. A. then
B. again
C. finally
D. even
【答案】A
【解析】然后他们听到车内有人的声音。
51. A. Starting
B. Parking
C. Passing
D. Approaching
【答案】D
【解析】他们走近汽车看到一名妇女。
52. A. quiet
B. still
C. away
D. calm
【答案】B
【解析】根据下文可知Larry让这名妇女不要动。
53. A. for
B. so
C. and
D. but
【答案】D
【解析】前后句之间是转折关系，用but。
54. A. explode B. slip away
C. fall apart
D. crash
【答案】A
【解析】根据后句内容判断这么妇女怕汽车着火后爆炸。
55. A. as if
B. unless
C. in case
D. after
【答案】C
【解析】不让动以防脖子受伤。
56. A. stepped forward
B. backed off
C. moved on
D. set out
【答案】B
【解析】根据and后内容可知他们后退，让警察工作。
57. A. woman
B. police
C. man
D. driver
【答案】B
【解析】从上文可知警察赶到现场。
58. A. forbidden
B. ready
C. asked
D. free
【答案】D
【解析】根据后句可知警察让他离开了，be free to do “自由做某事”。
59. A. for certain
B. for consideration
C. reported
D. checked
【答案】A
【解析】根据上文可知他确保了别人的安全，for certain“确定无疑”。
60. A. patience
B. skills
C. efforts
D. promise
【答案】C
【解析】从上文可知他的努力挽救了别人的性命。
When Charles Barkley's mother passed away, Barkley's hometown came to the funeral. But a(n) ___41___ guest also came. He wasn't a basketball player or from Barkley's hometown. More ___42___, he was my dad-a scientist.
My dad said he ___43___ about Barkley long before he met him. Whenever we ___44___ dinner parties, he would talk about Barkley. Basketball has never been my thing. I ___45___some key words into a search engine to___46___something about Barkley. He seemed pretty famous and ___47___not like anyone who would be friends with my dad.
But the friendship was real.
My dad ___48___ made a slide of photos of him and Barkley together for our community's Chinese New Year party- totally irrelevant to the ___49___. I asked him what made them become friends.
"As an Asian in the U.S., we had a good ___50___," he said. "We agree on many views."
They believed the color of their skin didn't ___51___ .
But on a Sunday afternoon my dad passed away. Everyone was ___52___ as Barkley attended the funeral. "It gives me great ___53___and joy to know I was a friend of his," Barkley said. "Just hearing about him at the ___54___ -what he had achieved and what he was trying to help others ___55___, touched me I ___56___he would be known to many people."
At the funeral, people ___57___ memories of my dad. I realize that even after he passed away, I would continue to ___58___things about him.
The story of his friendship with Barkley was not just a ___59___with a famous person-it threw light on the ___60___ of this world.
41. A. frequent
B. unexpected
C. average
D. unwelcome
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. frequent频繁的；B. unexpected意料之外的；C. average平均的；D. unwelcome不受欢迎的。根据下文内容可知，作者的父亲参加巴克利妈妈的葬礼是意料之外的，故选B。
42. A. specifically
B. importantly
C. carefully
D. strictly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. specifically特别；B. importantly重要；C. carefully 小心；D. strictly严格。根据上文说来了一个意料之外的客人，而此处又说这个客人是我的父亲，由此可知，这是更特别的，故选A。
43. A. cared
B. worried
C. thought
D. knew
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. cared关心；B. worried 担心；C. thought认为；D. knew知道。根据下文可知，此处是指父亲在没有遇到巴克利之前就已经知道他了，故选D。
44. A. held
B. organized
C. attended
D. arranged
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. held 握住；B. organized组织；C. attended
参加；D. arranged安排。根据下文提到父亲与巴克利的友谊可知，此处指无论我们什么时候参加晚宴，父亲都会谈论巴克利。故选C
45. A. read
B. forgot
C. sent
D. typed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. read 读；B. forgot
忘记；C. sent
派送；D. typed打字。句意：我在引擎器上打了几个关键词搜索巴克利的信息。在引擎器上搜索信息应该是打字，故选D。
46. A. find out
B. apply for
C. talk about
D. pick up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. find out找出，查明；B. apply for支付；C. talk about 谈论；D. pick up捡起。根据语境可知，在引擎器上是为了找出巴克利的相关信息，故选A。
47. A. potentially
B. accidentally
C. deliberately
D. certainly
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. potentially 潜在；B. accidentally偶然；C. deliberately故意；D. certainly当然。根据下文的But the friendship was real可知，此处作者要表达巴克利是个名人，当然不是会成为我爸爸朋友的人。故选D。
48. A. still
B. also
C. even
D. already
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. still仍然；B. also 也；C. even甚至；D. already已经。句意：我爸爸甚至还制作了一张幻灯片，上面是他和巴克利一起参加我们社区的春节晚会的照片。根据句意和语境可知，此处用“甚至”最能表达语义。故选C。
49. A. experience
B. holiday
C. player
D. friendship
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. experience经验；B. holiday 节日，假日；C. player运动员；D. friendship友谊。根据上文父亲制作了他和巴克利一起的幻灯片可知，这与新年这个节日没有关系，故选B。
50. A. chance
B. conversation
C. argument
D. choice
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. chance机会；B. conversation交谈，交往；C. argument争论；D. choice选择。句意：作为一个在美国的亚洲人我们谈得很愉快。“我们在很多观点上都是一致的。根据下文的We agree on many views可知，此处是指他们交谈很愉快，故选B。
51. A. bum
B. differ
C. matter
D. shine
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. bum 流浪；B. differ 使….不同；C. matter 有关系，要紧；D. shine 照射。句意：他们相信他们的肤色不重要。根据上文语境可知，父亲与巴克利肤色不同，但沟通很愉快，由此可知，他们认为肤色不重要，故选C。
52. A. astonished
B. thrilled
C. annoyed
D. disappointed
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. astonished吃惊的；B. thrilled 激动的；C. annoyed生气的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文可知，巴克利是个名人，不像是父亲的朋友，因此，他出现在父亲的葬礼上应该是让大家感到非常吃惊，故选A。
53. A. moments
B. memories
C. relief
D. comfort
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. moments 时刻；B. memories 回忆，记忆；C. relief 减轻；D. comfort安慰。根据下文巴克利对父亲的评价可知，此处是表达成为父亲的朋友给巴克利带来了很多回忆，故选B
54. A. meeting
B. hometown
C. party
D. funeral
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. meeting会议；B. hometown家乡；C. party聚会；D. funeral葬礼。结合语境可知，巴克利应该是在父亲的葬礼上听到他的事迹，故选D。
55. A. accomplish
B. contribute
C. develop
D. gain
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. accomplish实现，完成；B. contribute贡献；C. develop发展；D. gain获得。根据上文的what he had achieved可知，此处是指父亲所取得的成就以及帮助别人所实现的，故选A。
56. A. wished
B. declared
C. suspected
D. confirmed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. wished希望；B. declared声明；C. suspected怀疑；D. confirmed确定。根据上文提到父亲的事迹可知，此处是指他希望父亲被更多的人知道，故选A。
57. A. improved
B. refreshed
C. shared
D. lost
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. improved 改善；B. refreshed 更新；C. shared分享；D. lost失去。句意：在葬礼上，人们分享对我父亲的回忆。结合上文语境可知，在巴克利讲述完父亲的事迹后大家开始分享对父亲的回忆。故选C。
58. A. spread
B. learn
C. obtain
D. mourn
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. spread传播；B. learn 学习；C. obtain获得；D. mourn哀悼。根据上文大家都在分享他父亲的事迹可知，作者意识到他以后仍然可以继续了解他的父亲的事迹。故选B。
59. A. connection
B. coincidence
C. phenomenon
D. relationship
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. connection连接；B. coincidence 巧合；C. phenomenon现象；D. relationship关系。句意：他和巴克利友谊的故事不仅仅是和一个著名的人的关系，它还揭示了这个世界的可能性。根据句意和语境可知，此处用friendship最合题意。故选D。
60. A. benefits
B. responsibilities
C. possibilities
D. varieties
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. benefits好处；B. responsibilities 责任C. possibilities可能性；D. varieties 种类。根据上文语境并结合四个选项可知，父亲和巴克利有很多的不同，但他们的友谊带来了更多的可能性，故选C。
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